The price-to-rent ratio measures the relative affordability of renting and buying in a given housing market. It’s a good factor to consider if you’re deciding whether to rent or buy. It’s especially useful if you’re considering a move, because it allows you to see what prices look like in your new city. As a general rule, a lower price-to-rent ratio indicates that a place is more favorable to homebuyers. A higher ratio indicates a better environment for renters.
A financial advisor can help you put a financial plan together for your home buying needs and goals.
How to Calculate Price-to-Rent Ratio
To calculate the price-to-rent ratio, we used the following equation:
Median Home Value ÷ Median Annual Rent = Price-to-Rent Ratio
Our data comes from the U.S. Census Bureau, which provides median home values and median monthly rent. As a simple example of the how the formula works, consider Phoenix, Arizona. Phoenix has a median home value of $266,600 and a median annual rent of $13,284. So its price-to-rent ratio is 20.07, which you get by dividing $13,284 into $266,600.
Price-to-Rent Ratio by City
To help you in your renting and buying decisions, we found the price-to-rent ratio in the 50 largest U.S. cities. Median home value data comes from the Census Bureau’s 2019 1-year Community Survey. Note that these home values are just projections. Actual home values will vary based on other factors such as proximity to commercial centers, access to transit and home size. Rentals tend to be smaller (and therefore less expensive) than for-sale properties, so these values may overestimate true market prices.
The cities with the highest price-to-rent ratios are San Francisco, Oakland and New York. That means they’re the least friendly to homebuyers (since home values are significantly higher than what you’d pay in rent). At the other end of the spectrum are cities like Detroit, Memphis and Milwaukee. These markets are very favorable to homebuyers, with ratios below 13.
Price-to-Rent Ratios by City
City | Price-to-Rent Ratio | Median Home Value |
San Francisco, California | 51.79 | $1,217,500 |
Oakland, California | 42.06 | $807,600 |
New York, New York | 38.26 | $680,800 |
San Jose, California | 37.48 | $999,900 |
Los Angeles, California | 37.39 | $697,200 |
Seattle, Washington | 36.65 | $767,000 |
Long Beach, California | 35.07 | $614,400 |
Washington, D.C. | 33.61 | $646,500 |
San Diego, California | 30.38 | $658,400 |
Boston, Massachusetts | 30.12 | $627,000 |
Portland, Oregon | 28.28 | $445,200 |
Denver, Colorado | 26.02 | $447,500 |
Atlanta, Georgia | 23.83 | $359,500 |
Austin, Texas | 23.63 | $378,300 |
Sacramento, California | 23.15 | $380,600 |
Miami, Florida | 23.02 | $358,500 |
Las Vegas, Nevada | 22.34 | $305,900 |
Minneapolis, Minnesota | 22.02 | $282,200 |
Colorado Springs, Colorado | 21.88 | $318,200 |
Fresno, California | 21.79 | $276,600 |
Chicago, Illinois | 20.22 | $272,200 |
Nashville, Tennessee | 20.10 | $287,300 |
Phoenix, Arizona | 20.07 | $266,600 |
New Orleans, Louisiana | 20.04 | $242,900 |
Raleigh, North Carolina | 19.65 | $274,200 |
Albuquerque, New Mexico | 19.50 | $211,800 |
Mesa, Arizona | 19.16 | $259,300 |
Tampa, Florida | 18.42 | $265,700 |
Virginia Beach, Virginia | 18.11 | $296,200 |
Charlotte, North Carolina | 17.89 | $252,100 |
Dallas, Texas | 17.10 | $231,400 |
Tucson, Arizona | 17.01 | $172,700 |
Louisville, Kentucky | 16.33 | $172,100 |
Arlington, Texas | 15.85 | $213,800 |
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | 15.80 | $165,700 |
Fort Worth, TX | 15.72 | $209,400 |
Omaha, Nebraska | 15.59 | $175,800 |
Tulsa, Oklahoma | 15.39 | $152,700 |
Jacksonville, FL | 15.18 | $200,200 |
Houston, Texas | 14.90 | $195,800 |
Columbus, Ohio | 14.68 | $173,300 |
Kansas City, Missouri | 14.33 | $168,400 |
Indianapolis, Indiana | 14.26 | $155,400 |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | 14.15 | $183,200 |
San Antonio, Texas | 13.86 | $171,100 |
Baltimore, Maryland | 13.69 | $179,100 |
El Paso, Texas | 13.14 | $133,600 |
Milwaukee, Wisconsin | 12.87 | $133,600 |
Memphis, Tennessee | 10.46 | $115,900 |
Detroit, Michigan | 5.67 | $58,900 |
Price-to-Rent Ratio in New York City

While the median home value in New York City is $680,800, real estate value differs in all five boroughs. In Manhattan and Brooklyn, the numbers are higher. The following table has price-to-rent ratios for each of the five New York boroughs. Applying that ratio, We also calculated a projected average home price for a house or apartment that rents for $1,000 in each market. Considering its high ratio, Manhattan is one of the most expensive places to buy a home in the country.
Price-to-Rent Ratios in New York City
Borough | Price-to-Rent Ratio | Home Price (for a $1,000 Rental) |
Manhattan | 50.81 | $609,681 |
Brooklyn | 42.78 | $513,387 |
Queens | 30.32 | $363,867 |
The Bronx | 28.49 | $341,845 |
Staten Island | 32.48 | $389,813 |
Historical Price-to-Rent Ratio
National and city price-to-rent ratios rise and fall over time depending on the state of the housing market. In the years before the housing crisis, as the housing market heated up, the national ratio rose from 22.73 (in 2005) to 24.50 (in 2007). After the real estate market turned, home prices fell and rentals grew more expensive. That drove down the ratio and it dipped below 20 in 2011. In 2021, it sits at 18.27.
Before the housing bubble and subsequent crisis around 2008, the national price-to-rent ratio hovered around 15. That indicates that we are still in a time period that is slightly more favorable to renters than buyers.
Bottom Line: What Price-to-Rent Ratio Says About Affordability
While the price-to-rent ratio is useful for comparing buying to renting, it does not reflect the overall affordability of buying or renting in a given market. In theory, a place where renting and buying are very expensive could have the same price-to-rent ratio as a place where both renting and buying are very cheap.
Take San Francisco as an example. The city has the highest price-to-rent ratio in the country, indicating that renting should be more affordable than buying. However, rentals in San Francisco are also notoriously expensive. The city’s high price-to-rent ratio only reflects that buying is relatively more expensive than renting within the city. It does not saying anything about the overall affordability of housing compared to other cities.
Home Buying Tips for Beginners
- If you’re like most people, a home is the most expensive purchase you’ll ever make. That’s why it’s a good idea to consult with a financial advisor before taking the plunge into homeownership. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with up to three financial advisors who serve your area, and you can interview your advisor matches at no cost to decide which one is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
- Trying to decide whether to buy a home or continue renting? Our rent vs. buy calculator can help make the decision easier.
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