70/30 vs. 80/20 Asset Allocation: Which Is Better?

A 70/30 portfolio and an 80/20 portfolio refer to asset allocation strategies that balance stocks and bonds, with the numbers representing the percentage of each asset class. The former consists of 70% equities and 30% fixed income, while the latter increases the equity portion to 80%, reducing bonds to 20%. The choice between them depends on factors like risk tolerance, investment goals, and market conditions. A higher equity allocation generally offers greater growth potential but comes with increased volatility, whereas a slightly larger bond allocation may provide more stability while moderating potential returns.

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What Is a 70/30 Portfolio?

A 70/30 portfolio allocates 70% of its dollars to stocks and 30% to fixed income. An investor who uses this strategy might have 70% of their money invested in individual stocks, equity-focused mutual funds and equity-focused exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The remaining 30% of their portfolio would be allocated to bonds, cash and cash equivalents.

The 70/30 portfolio is sometimes seen as a replacement for the 60/40 asset allocation model. With a 60/40 portfolio, 60% of assets are allocated to stocks while 40% are allocated to bonds. A 70/30 portfolio generally entails more risk than a 60/40 split as there’s a larger allocation to stocks.

However, you still have a decent amount of bonds and other fixed-income investments to balance out market volatility. Choosing a 70/30 portfolio could also make sense if you’re worried that a 60/40 asset allocation might be too conservative for your needs and goals.

What Is an 80/20 Portfolio?

An 80/20 portfolio operates along the same lines as a 70/30 portfolio, only you’re allocating 80% of assets to stocks and 20% to fixed income. Again, the stock portion of an 80/20 portfolio could be held in individual stocks or a mix of equity mutual funds and ETFs.

With an 80/20 portfolio, the risk factor increases since you have more money going into stocks. The flip side of that, however, is that you may have more room to earn higher returns. While bonds can provide consistent income, returns are generally not on the same level as stocks.

70/30 vs. 80/20 Asset Allocation

Choosing between a 70/30 portfolio and an 80/20 portfolio involves assessing factors such as growth potential, risk tolerance, and investment timeline. A higher equity allocation (80/20) increases the chance of higher returns but also comes with more volatility. Meanwhile, a larger bond component (70/30) can provide stability but may limit growth. Understanding how these factors interact can help determine which allocation suits your financial goals.

Growth Potential and Investment Goals

The rate at which your portfolio needs to grow depends on your financial objectives. If you’re aiming for a specific retirement savings target—such as $2 million by age 65—your asset allocation should reflect the level of growth required. An 80/20 portfolio has historically delivered higher long-term returns than a 70/30 mix, making it a potential choice for investors who need faster wealth accumulation. However, if your goals are more conservative or your savings rate is high, a 70/30 allocation may be sufficient to meet your needs with less exposure to market fluctuations.

Risk Tolerance vs. Risk Capacity

Risk tolerance refers to how much market volatility you’re comfortable with, while risk capacity is the level of risk required to achieve your financial goals. Younger investors with long investment horizons often have higher risk capacity, as they can recover from market downturns. However, personal comfort with risk varies—some investors may find the swings of an 80/20 portfolio unsettling, even if they have time to recover.

On the other hand, if your risk capacity is high—meaning you need strong growth to meet your goals—but your risk tolerance is low, a 70/30 allocation might not be aggressive enough. If the portfolio doesn’t generate the necessary returns, it could lead to a shortfall in retirement savings.

Managing Risk and Market Volatility

A key trade-off between 70/30 and 80/20 portfolios is how they respond to market downturns. A higher bond allocation (70/30) provides more downside protection, reducing the impact of stock market declines. This can be beneficial for investors nearing retirement or those with a lower appetite for risk. Conversely, an 80/20 portfolio may experience steeper losses in bear markets, but it also has greater potential for recovery and long-term growth.

How to Choose the Right Asset Allocation by Age

When considering how to allocate assets by age, whether you’re weighing a 70/30 vs. 80/20 asset allocation or something else, it helps to look at the historical returns and your personal timeline for investing. The stock market moves in cycles and there are inevitably periods where stocks perform better than others.

Examining historical returns can provide insight into how a particular asset allocation strategy has performed over time. Past performance is no guarantee of future results, but it can give you an idea of the level of returns you’re likely to see in your portfolio over time.

As you get closer to retirement, it’s natural to make a shift toward more conservative investments. If you’re using the 70/30 or 80/20 model, for example, those might flip in retirement. So you might invest 30% or 20% in stocks in your 60s and beyond while allocating the remaining 70% or 80% to fixed income.

Using the Rule of 120

You can also use a different age-based rule for determining your ideal asset allocation. The Rule of 120, for example, suggests subtracting your current age from 120 to figure out how much of your portfolio to allocate to stocks vs. bonds. So if you’re 30, for example, you’d subtract that from 120 to get 90. This is how much of your portfolio you’d devote to stocks.

The Rule of 120 assumes that you’ll have a longer life expectancy, which means your money will need to last longer in retirement. As with other rules, however, it’s important to tailor it to both your risk tolerance and risk capacity. If keeping 90% of your portfolio in stocks feels too risky, then you might use 110 as your base number for calculations instead.

Talking to your financial advisor can help you decide which asset allocation model makes the most sense. Your advisor can also help you develop a strategy for shifting that allocation over time as you move through different life stages and get closer to retirement.

Bottom Line

Whether you choose a 70/30 or 80/20 asset allocation, it’s important to know what you own and how much you’re paying for it. If you own several mutual funds, for example, be aware of whether those funds hold any of the same stocks. Having significant overlap could reduce diversification instead of increasing it, potentially exposing you to more risk. And paying steep expense ratios could detract from your overall returns.

Investing Tips for Beginners

A financial advisor can help you evaluate your financial needs and goals, and then build a portfolio based on a strategic asset allocation. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
While the 4% Rule is the traditional benchmark for retirement withdrawal rates, that rule may not fit your needs depending on the type of lifestyle you hope to enjoy. SmartAsset’s retirement calculator can help you plan your investing and saving strategy.
If you need help picking an asset profile, SmartAsset’s free asset allocation calculator will assist you in picking a profile to help align your portfolio allocation with your risk tolerance.